Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 33 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}+\log (x)-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \]
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Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 33, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 6, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {719, 29, 648, 632, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )+\log (x) \]
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Rule 29
Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 719
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \int \frac {1}{x} \, dx+\int \frac {-1-x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx \\ & = \log (x)-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx \\ & = \log (x)-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right ) \\ & = -\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}+\log (x)-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 33, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {3}}+\log (x)-\frac {1}{2} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right ) \]
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Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88
method | result | size |
default | \(\ln \left (x \right )-\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{2}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\) | \(29\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\ln \left (4 x^{2}+4 x +4\right )}{2}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}+\ln \left (x \right )\) | \(33\) |
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Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + \log \left (x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 37, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.12 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=\log {\left (x \right )} - \frac {\log {\left (x^{2} + x + 1 \right )}}{2} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3} x}{3} + \frac {\sqrt {3}}{3} \right )}}{3} \]
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + \log \left (x\right ) \]
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Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.88 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + \log \left ({\left | x \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 28, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx=\ln \left (x\right )-\frac {\ln \left (x^2+x+1\right )}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\,\left (2\,x+1\right )}{3}\right )}{3} \]
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